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Course Content
Basics Of Constitution
0/6
Introduction To The Making
Making Of Constitution
Committees Of Constitution
Features Of Indian Constitution
Sources Of Constitution
Preamble
States and Union Territories
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STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES
Union Territories
CitizenShip
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Indian Citizenship: Articles 5-11 and the Citizenship Act of 1955
Citizenship Act of 1955: Rules for Acquisition and Loss of Indian Citizenshipx`
NRI, PIO, and OCI – Connections, Distinctions, and Contributions
Rights
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Basics
Right to Equality (Articles 14-18)
RIGHT TO FREEDOM: Article 19-22
Article 21 and 21A – Protection of Life and Personal Liberty, Right to Education
Right Against Exploitation in the Indian Constitution – Articles 23-24
RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION: ARTICLE- 25-28
CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS: ARTICLE 29-30
Right To Constitutional Remedies: Article 32
Articles 33 to 35
Basic Structure Doctrine: Democracy, Federalism, and the Rule of Law
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Basic Structure Doctrine
Basic Structure Doctrine: Evolution, Significance & Criticisms
President
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Powers of the President of India: Executive, Legislative, Judicial, and More
President of India: Roles, Elections, and Powers Explained
Article 72: Pardoning Power of the President
Article 111 Veto Power Of President
Article 123 Ordinance Making Power of President:
President for CDS/NDA—
Article 352-360 Emergency Provisions (Part XVIII) :
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Article 352: National Emergency in India
Article 356 President’s Rule:
Article 360: Financial Emergency
SR Bommai Judgment: Upholding Constitutional Principles
Centre State Relations
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Articles 256-263 Centre State Administrative Relations
Centre-State Relations: Legislative Relations
(Articles 264-293) Centre State Financial Relations in India
Inter State Relations
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Inter-State Water Disputes Resolution
Inter-State Council
India’s Zonal Councils: Cooperative Federalism
Role and Powers of the Governor
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Governor in India
Vice-President of India
0/1
Role and Powers of the Vice-President
Prime Minister and Council of Minister
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Prime Minister: Roles, Responsibilities, and Constitutional Provisions
The Role of Chief Minister
The Council of Ministers: Union and State
Parliament
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Member of Parliament: Composition, Process of Election, Qualifications
Presiding Officers and Leaders of Parliament
Whip System in Indian Parliament
Parliamentary Sessions and Majorities
Types of Majorities in Parliament
Parliamentary Proceedings
Legislative Procedure in Indian Parliament: Bills, Money Bills, Joint Sitting
Budget
Polity

Introduction

Non-resident Indian (NRI), Person of Indian Origin (PIO), and Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) are all categories of individuals with a connection to India but residing abroad. NRIs are Indian citizens who reside outside India for employment, business, or other purposes, with no intention of permanently settling abroad. PIOs are individuals of Indian origin or ancestry but who are not citizens of India and may hold citizenship of another country. OCI cardholders, on the other hand, are foreign nationals of Indian origin who have acquired citizenship of another country but wish to retain their ties to India.

Comparison between NRI, PIO, and OCI Cardholder

NRI, PIO, and OCI Cardholder
Non-Resident Indian (NRI) Persons of Indian Origin (PIO) Overseas citizens of India (OCI) Cardholder
An Indian citizen who is ordinarily residing outside India and holds an Indian Passport. A person who or whose ancestors were of Indian nationality and who is presently holding another country’s citizenship/ nationality i.e. he/she is holding a foreign passport. A Person registered as an Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) Cardholder under the Citizenship Act, 1955.
All benefits are available to Indian citizens subject to notifications issued by the Government from time to time. No specific benefits.
  • Multiple lifelong visas for visiting India for any purpose (requires special permission to undertake research work in India).
  • Exemption from registration with the Foreigners Regional Registration Officer (FRRO).
  • Parity with NRIs in respect of all facilities available to them in economic, financial, and educational fields except in matters relating to the acquisition of agricultural or plantation properties.
  • Treated at par with NRIs in the matter of intercountry adoption of Indian children.
  • Treated at par with resident Indian nationals in the matter of tariffs on air fares in domestic sectors in India.
No Visa is required. Visa required. Can visit India without a Visa for life long.
Not required to register with the local police authorities in India. Yes, if the period of stay is for more than 180 days. Not required to register with the local police authorities in India.
All Activities can be undertaken. Activities as per the type of visa obtained. All activities except research work for which special permission is required from the Indian Mission/Post/ FRRO concerned.
He/she is an Indian citizen. As per the Citizenship Act, 1955, he/she has to be ordinarily resident in India for a period of 7 years before making an application for registration. As per the Citizenship Act, 1955, a person registered as an OCI cardholder for 5 years and who is ordinarily resident in India for twelve months before making an application for registration is eligible for a grant of Indian citizenship.
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Upsc Notes Upsc Blogs
NCERT Notes Free Main Answer Writing
Cancellation of registration of OCI cardholders
The Act provides that the central government may cancel the registration of OCIs on certain grounds. These include:

  • If the OCI has registered through fraud, or
  • If, within five years of registration, the OCI has been sentenced to imprisonment for two years or more, or
  • If it becomes necessary in the interest of the sovereignty and security of India, or
  • If the OCI has violated the provisions of the Act or of any other law as notified by the central government.
  • The orders for cancellation of OCI should not be passed till the OCI cardholder is allowed to be heard.
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