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1 FOOD: WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? 1
2 COMPONENTS OF FOOD 8
3 FIBRE TO FABRIC 18
4 SORTING MATERIALS INTO GROUPS 26
5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES 35
6 CHANGES AROUND US 46
7 GETTING TO KNOW PLANTS 52
8 BODY MOVEMENTS 66
9 THE LIVING ORGANISMS — CHARACTERISTICS AND HABITATS 79
10 MOTION AND MEASUREMENT OF DISTANCES 95
11 LIGHT, SHADOWS AND REFLECTIONS 107
12 ELECTRICITY AND CIRCUITS 116
13 FUN WITH MAGNETS 125
14 WATER 136
15 AIR AROUND US 147
16 GARBAGE IN, GARBAGE OUT 155
1 Nutrition in Plants 1
2 Nutrition in Animals 11
3 Fibre to Fabric 24
4 Heat 35
5 Acids, Bases and Salts 49
6 Physical and Chemical Changes 58
7 Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate 68
8 Winds, Storms and Cyclones 80
9 Soil 96
10 Respiration in Organisms 108
11 Transportation in Animals and Plants 121
12 Reproduction in Plants 133
13 Motion and Time 143
14 Electric Current and its Effects 160
15 Light 174
16 Water: A Precious Resource 193
17 Forests: Our Lifeline 206
18 Wastewater Story 220
1 CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT 1
2 MICROORGANISMS : FRIEND AND FOE 17
3 SYNTHETIC FIBRES AND PLASTICS 32
4 MATERIALS : METALS AND NON-METALS 44
5 COAL AND PETROLEUM 56
6 COMBUSTION AND FLAME 64
7 CONSERVATION OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS 77
8 CELL — STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS 90
9 REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS 100
10 REACHING THE AGE OF ADOLESCENCE 113
11 FORCE AND PRESSURE 127
12 FRICTION 146
13 SOUND 157
14 CHEMICAL EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT 172
15 SOME NATURAL PHENOMENA 184
16 LIGHT 199
17 STARS AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM 215
18 POLLUTION OF AIR AND WATER 239
Chapter 1 MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS 1
Chapter 2 IS MATTER AROUND US PURE? 14
Chapter 3 ATOMS AND MOLECULES 31
Chapter 4 STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM 46
Chapter 5 THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE 57
Chapter 6 TISSUES 68
Chapter 7 DIVERSITY IN LIVING ORGANISMS 80
Chapter 8 MOTION 98
Chapter 9 FORCE AND LAWS OF MOTION 114
Chapter 10 GRAVITATION 131
Chapter 11 WORK AND ENERGY 146
Chapter 12 SOUND 160
Chapter 13 WHY DO WE FALL ILL? 176
Chapter 14 NATURAL RESOURCES 189
Chapter 15 IMPROVEMENT IN FOOD RESOURCES 203
1 Chemical Reactions and Equations
2 Acids, Bases and Salts
3 Metals and Non-metals
4 Carbon and its Compounds
5 Life Processes
6 Control and Coordination
7 How do Organisms Reproduce?
8 Heredity
9 Light – Reflection and Refraction
10 The Human Eye and the Colourful World
11 Electricity
12 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
13 Our Environment
UNIT I
DIVERSITY IN THE LIVING WORLD 1-62
1 : The Living World 3
2 : Biological Classification 16
3 : Plant Kingdom 29
4 : Animal Kingdom 46
UNIT II
STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS 63-122
5 : Morphology of Flowering Plants 65
6 : Anatomy of Flowering Plants 84
7 : Structural Organisation in Animals 100
UNIT III
CELL : STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS 123-172
8 : Cell : The Unit of Life 125
9 : Biomolecules 142
10 : Cell Cycle and Cell Division 162
UNIT IV
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 173-254
11 : Transport In Plants 175
12 : Mineral Nutrition 194
13 : Photosynthesis in Higher Plants 206
14 : Respiration in Plants 226
15 : Plant Growth and Development 239
UNIT V
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY 255-342
16 : Digestion And Absorption 257
17 : Breathing and Exchange of Gases 268
18 : Body Fluids and Circulation 278
19 : Excretory Products and their Elimination 290
20 : Locomotion and Movement 302
21 : Neural Control and Coordination 315
22 : Chemical Coordination and Integration 330
UNIT VI
REPRODUCTION 1-66
Chapter 1 : Reproduction in Organisms 3
Chapter 2 : Sexual Reproduction in F1owering Plants 19
Chapter 3 : Human Reproduction 42
Chapter 4 : Reproductive Health 57
UNIT VII
GENETICS AND EvOLUTION 67-112
Chapter 5 : Principles of Inheritance and Variation 69
Chapter 6 : Molecular Basis of Inheritance 95
Chapter 7 : Evolution 126
UNIT VIII
BIOWGY IN HUMAN WELFARE 143-190
Chapter 8 : Human Health and Disease 145
Chapter 9 : Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production 165
Chapter 10 : Microbes in Human Welfare 179
UNIT IX
BIOTECHNOWGY 191-216
Chapter 11 : Biotechnology : Principles and Processes 193
Chapter 12 : Biotechnology and its Applications 207
UNIT X
EcOloGY 217-286
Chapter 13 Organisms and Populations 219
Chapter 14 : Ecosystem 241
Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Conservation 258
Chapter 16 Environmental Issues 270